Strategic Surprise: A Persistent Challenge for States, Says Pakistan Observer

A recent analysis suggests that states continue to face strategic surprise, despite ongoing efforts by intelligence and strategic scholars to understand this phenomenon.

Reported by Pakistan Observer

By AUZZ Newsdesk (Pakistan Observer)

Published Sunday 2 August 2026 at 11:40 pm AEST 2 min read

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Strategic Surprise: A Persistent Challenge for States, Says Pakistan Observer

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Strategic Surprise: A Persistent Challenge for States, Says Pakistan Observer

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